https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/tags/debian/Recent content in Debian on 计算机知识分享网Hugozh-CN986945193@qq.com (David)986945193@qq.com (David)Copyright © 2014-至今, David.Sat, 04 Jan 2025 10:46:37 +08000000000000000000000000000000000000https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85ssh%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/Sat, 04 Jan 2025 10:46:37 +0800986945193@qq.com (David)https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85ssh%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/<h5 id="安装以及启动">安装以及启动</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo apt update </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo apt upgrade </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo apt install ssh </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo service ssh start </span></span></code></pre></div>https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E5%92%8C%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF/Mon, 01 Jul 2024 15:37:29 +0800986945193@qq.com (David)https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E5%92%8C%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF/<h5 id="查看debian版本信息">查看<code>debian</code>版本信息</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>linaro@linaro-alip:~$ cat /etc/debian_version </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>11.10 </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="查看debian具体版本代号信息">查看<code>debian</code>具体版本代号信息</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>linaro@linaro-alip:~$ lsb_release -a </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>No LSB modules are available. </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Distributor ID: Debian </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Description: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye) </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Release: 11 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Codename: bullseye </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="查看linux内核版本信息">查看<code>linux</code>内核版本信息</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>linaro@linaro-alip:~$ uname -a </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Linux linaro-alip 5.10.160-g065db9adf174-dirty #10 SMP Thu Nov 23 10:09:36 CST 2023 aarch64 GNU/Linux </span></span></code></pre></div>https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian12%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85curl%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4/Mon, 20 Nov 2023 11:55:26 +0800986945193@qq.com (David)https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian12%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85curl%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4/<h5 id="安装">安装</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo apt install curl </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="查看安装的版本">查看安装的版本</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>debian@debian:~$ curl --version </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>curl 7.88.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.88.1 OpenSSL/3.0.11 zlib/1.2.13 brotli/1.0.9 zstd/1.5.4 libidn2/2.3.3 libpsl/0.21.2 (+libidn2/2.3.3) libssh2/1.10.0 nghttp2/1.52.0 librtmp/2.3 OpenLDAP/2.5.13 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Release-Date: 2023-02-20 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher gophers http https imap imaps ldap ldaps mqtt pop3 pop3s rtmp rtsp scp sftp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Features: alt-svc AsynchDNS brotli GSS-API HSTS HTTP2 HTTPS-proxy IDN IPv6 Kerberos Largefile libz NTLM NTLM_WB PSL SPNEGO SSL threadsafe TLS-SRP UnixSockets zstd </span></span></code></pre></div>https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian12%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8shell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85docker/Mon, 20 Nov 2023 11:48:42 +0800986945193@qq.com (David)https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian12%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8shell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85docker/<h5 id="只需下载脚本然后执行即可">只需下载脚本然后执行即可</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo sh get-docker.sh </span></span></code></pre></div>https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian11%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%91%E6%BA%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD/Wed, 08 Aug 2018 11:11:11 +0800986945193@qq.com (David)https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian11%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%91%E6%BA%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD/<h5 id="debian简单介绍说明"><code>debian</code>简单介绍说明：</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>Debian GNU/Linux ，是一个操作系统及自由软件的发行版，由一群自愿付出时间和精力的用户来维护并更新。它附带了超过 59000 个软件包，这些预先编译好的软件被打包成一种良好的格式以便于用户安装和使用。 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>下载地址: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="备份文件然后修改sourceslist">备份文件，然后修改<code>sources.list</code>：</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sudo vi /etc/sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backupapt/sources.list </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="在最前面添加阿里云源地址">在最前面添加阿里云源地址:</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span># deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20230725T000000Z bullseye main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span># deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian-security/20230725T000000Z bullseye-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span># deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20230725T000000Z bullseye-updates main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="运行命令生成缓存">运行命令生成缓存</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get clean - 删除所有已下载的包文件 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get update - 取回更新的软件包列表信息 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get upgrade - 进行一次升级 </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="最后我们就可以安装软件了如">最后我们就可以安装软件了，如：</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get install vim </span></span></code></pre></div>https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian12%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E6%BA%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F/Wed, 08 Aug 2018 11:11:11 +0800986945193@qq.com (David)https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian12%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E6%BA%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F/<h5 id="编辑apt源配置文件etcaptsourceslist追加以下任意源">编辑<code>apt</code>源配置文件<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>,追加以下任意源</h5> <h5 id="阿里云">阿里云</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="腾讯云镜像站">腾讯云镜像站</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="网易镜像站">网易镜像站</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="华为镜像站">华为镜像站</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="清华大学镜像站">清华大学镜像站</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="中科大镜像站">中科大镜像站</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="运行命令生成缓存">运行命令生成缓存</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get clean - 删除所有已下载的包文件 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get update - 取回更新的软件包列表信息 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get upgrade - 进行一次升级 </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="最后我们就可以安装软件了如">最后我们就可以安装软件了，如：</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get install vim </span></span></code></pre></div>https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian12%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%90%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%A8-sudoers%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3/Wed, 08 Aug 2018 11:11:11 +0800986945193@qq.com (David)https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian12%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%90%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%A8-sudoers%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3/<h5 id="终端输入su回车输入-root-密码回车切换到-root-用户">终端输入<code>su</code>回车，输入 <code>root</code> 密码，回车，切换到<code> root</code> 用户</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>打开 sudoers 文件：vi /etc/sudoers </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>找到 # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>在 %sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL 下面添加 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>yonghumigndavid ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>yonghumigndavid 为前面无法执行 sudo 命令的用户名 </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="最后执行权限">最后执行权限</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>pkexec chmod 440 /etc/sudoers </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>pkexec chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/README </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>pkexec chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="看到下面可以正常使用sudo">看到下面可以正常使用<code>sudo</code></h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>oot@debian:/home/debian# pkexec chmod 440 /etc/sudoers </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@debian:/home/debian# pkexec chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/README </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@debian:/home/debian# pkexec chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>root@debian:/home/debian# exit </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>exit </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>debian@debian:~$ sudo </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>usage: sudo -h | -K | -k | -V </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>usage: sudo -v [-ABkNnS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user] </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>usage: sudo -l [-ABkNnS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-U user] [-u user] [command [arg ...]] </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>usage: sudo [-ABbEHkNnPS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-D directory] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-R directory] [-T </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> timeout] [-u user] [VAR=value] [-i | -s] [command [arg ...]] </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>usage: sudo -e [-ABkNnS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-D directory] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-R directory] [-T </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> timeout] [-u user] file ... </span></span></code></pre></div>https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian%E7%B3%BB%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E6%BA%90%E4%B8%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/Wed, 08 Aug 2018 11:11:11 +0800986945193@qq.com (David)https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian%E7%B3%BB%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E6%BA%90%E4%B8%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85/<h5 id="当我们装好操作系统后无法从apt网络安装软件时提示更换cd介质如下类似代码">当我们装好操作系统后，无法从<code>apt</code>网络安装软件时，提示更换<code>CD介质</code>如下类似代码：</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>更换介质：请把标有 &#34;Debian GNU/Linux 10.8.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20210206-10:31&#34; 的盘片插入驱动器 &#34;/media/cdrom/&#34; 再按「回车」键 </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="我们修改源etcaptsourceslist配置文件通过前加注释掉deb-cdrom开头的那一行">我们修改源<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>配置文件,通过前<code>加#</code>注释掉<code>deb cdrom</code>开头的那一行</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span># deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 12.2.0 _Bookworm_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 with firmware 20231007-10:29]/ bookworm main non-free-firmware </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="可以在配置文件etcaptsourceslist追加清华源提升下载速度">可以在配置文件<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>追加清华源，提升下载速度：</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="运行命令生成缓存">运行命令生成缓存</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get clean - 删除所有已下载的包文件 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get update - 取回更新的软件包列表信息 </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>apt-get upgrade - 进行一次升级 </span></span></code></pre></div>https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian%E7%B3%BB%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AEvi%E4%B8%BA%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%BC%E5%AE%B9%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/Wed, 08 Aug 2018 11:11:11 +0800986945193@qq.com (David)https://jiaochengziyuan.cn/p/debiandebian%E7%B3%BB%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AEvi%E4%B8%BA%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%BC%E5%AE%B9%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/<p>新装好的<code>Debian</code>系列，和<code>redhat</code>系的<code>vi</code>编辑不同,因为<code>Debian</code>中<code> /usr/bin/vi</code>是指向 <code>/etc/alternatives/vi</code> 的软链接， 而<code> /etc/alternatives/vi</code> 又是指向 <code>/usr/bin/vim.tiny</code> 的软链接，并且<code>vim.tiny</code> 的配置文件 <code>/etc/vim/vimrc.tiny</code> 中设置了兼容模式</p> <h5 id="第一种方式我们只需要在etcvimvimrctiny下添加以下两行代码即可">第一种方式：我们只需要在<code>/etc/vim/vimrc.tiny</code>下添加以下两行代码即可</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>set nocompatible </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>set backspace=2 </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="第二种方式考虑vi不方便我们可以用echo追加命令">第二种方式：考虑<code>vi</code>不方便，我们可以用<code>echo</code>追加命令</h5> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f7f7f7;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span style="display:flex;"><span>echo &#34;set nocompatible&#34; &gt;&gt; /etc/vim/vimrc.tiny </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>echo &#34;set backspace=2&#34; &gt;&gt; /etc/vim/vimrc.tiny </span></span></code></pre></div><h5 id="第三种方式直接apt-install-vim使用vim编辑">第三种方式：直接<code>apt install vim</code>，使用<code>vim</code>编辑</h5>